On forecasting private sector job creation . . . by 2024

September 11th, 2010

A very troubling analysis by the TUC which says that if private sector companies continued to create jobs at the same rate as they have over the past decade, it would take 14 years before the country could make up for jobs lost during the recession.

I hope they’re wrong.

I also remember an argument that was put forward during the 1992 recession that each recession creates additional long-term employed, thus creating a much higher natural unemployment rate. The UK was supposed to come out of that recession with full employment translating into a 9% unemployment rate. It didn’t happen.

I know that too many of us have been far too optimistic but forecasting any further than 18 months out is fiendishly inaccurate. I daresay 2024 will be a quite radically different economy to the one we have today.

At 17.9% Singapore shows how rich countries can grow fast

August 12th, 2010

An annualised figure of 17.9% for growth in the first half of 2010 is pretty staggering for a 5 million strong island nation with GDP per head (on a PPP basis) of $50,000.

When I see figures like this, I wish there was much more interest and debate on how the UK could lift it’s own paltry trend growth rate. Right now it stand at just over 2% and to take us technically out of economic decline, i.e. above the world growth rate, it needs to be about 5% or more.

Instead, we seem to be more interested in tiptoeing around the margins, engaging in the latest fashions like nudge economics, when clearly what we need is an almighty shove !

Economics Roundup – Tuesday 10th August

August 10th, 2010

Data released over the last few days;

New car sales – fell in July, registrations from business customers fell 6.5 percent, private customer registrations were down 28.5 percent on the year – blamed on end of scrappage scheme.

June industrial output – unexpectedly fell 0.5% rather than a forecast rise of 0.2%. This was blamed on earlier than usual, i.e. in June rather than August maintenance on oil and gas fields, thus preventing full extraction.

Company failures in sharp decline, personal insolvencies may have peaked – according to the Insolvency Service.

RICS UK Housing Market Survey – shows first fall in a year. 8% more surveyors reported a fall than a rise and the number of new vendor instructions which in effect measures the amount of properties coming to the market, increased. 33 per cent more surveyors reported a rise rather than fall in properties to their books, up from 28 per cent in June.

Selected comment;

Philip Inman: Mystery of Britain’s missing exports “At the Bank of England they are scratching their heads. Across town at the Victoria Street offices of Vince Cable’s Department for Business, Innovation and Skills there are the same perplexed looks. Everyone is asking why UK businesses are unable to export their way out of recession“. The Guardian.

Jeremy Warner: Mervyn King should stop complaining about bank lending and try more QE “What is obviously true, however, is that demand for working capital will increase sharply once the economic recovery takes hold, and that as things stand, the banks won’t be able to finance it. The still impaired state of the banking system could therefore put a powerful brake on growth. The Bank of England is actually not as impotent in all this as it likes to pretend. In fact it could quite easily assist in the provision of small business lending. Unlike the Federal Reserve in the United States, the Bank has concentrated virtually all its £200bn of “quantitative easing” on UK government bonds, or gilts” Daily Telegraph.

Sean O’Grady: ‘Slowflation’ – the combination the Bank of England fears most “The “double dip” recession seems to be getting closer, and growth will be slow. But shop prices will climb higher, thanks to commodity price inflation and the 25 per cent deprecation in the pound between 2007 and 2009. In 2008, the last time we saw this sort of commodity price boom, the CPI peaked at 5.2 per cent, and no one would be amazed if it hit that level again next year. We might call it “slowflation”.” The Independent

Russia’s Grain Ban – separating the wheat from the chaff

August 9th, 2010

Russia, not known for being a hot place, has been having an extended heatwave. Typically in Moscow, average peak July and August temperatures are 22 degrees celsius but this year all records have been broken and on July 29th reached 39.2 or 100 degrees fahrenheit. This has led to droughts, tinder dry conditions and of course fires dramatically reducing the grain harvest.

Russia’s response has been an export ban on grains in order to keep the price of bread and other staples low.  Some have been worried that this may lead to a rerun of 2008 when commodities like grains exploded in price. But Ambrose Evans-Pritchard kicks that possibility into touch with these points from his article today;

. . .remember, there was a global wheat glut until six weeks ago. Stocks are at a 23-year high. Prices are barely more than half the peak in 2008. The US grain harvest is bountiful; Australia, India, Argentina look healthy. The Reuters CRB commodity index is no higher now than in April. Last week’s commodity scare looks like an anaemic version of the blow-off seen in the summer of 2008“.

And don’t rule out the increasing impact of research (briefly touched on below) that shows that grains are inimical to the human diet which could turn agricultural economics upside down.

Bidaily Economics Roundup – Wednesday 4th August

August 4th, 2010

Data released over the last few days;

2nd August: PMI Construction – slowed to a four month low in July – to 54.1 from 58.4

3rd August: CIPS Manufacturing Index for July – looks strong at 57.3 beating forecast of 57.0 – the Guardian however picks up on the detail inside those figures which showed an export slowdown

3rd August: British Retail Consortium July Shop Price Index – annualised at 2.5% in July compared to 1.7% in June – “due to higher animal feed and wheat costs, and strong rises in the price of other commodities such as palm oil, ed cocoa and soya oil”.

4th August: Halifax House Price Index for July – up 0.6% compared to an expected fall of 0.3%.

4th August: Service sector growth slows to 13 month low – according to the CIPS – the index of activity fell from 54.4 in June to 53.1 in July

Nouriel Roubini – the impending threat of negative feedback from weak growth

August 3rd, 2010

Amongst my somewhat copious pile of holiday reading books, I have a hardback edition of Crisis Economics by Nouriel Roubini – aka Dr. Doom – which I much look forward to reading (after finishing ploughing through Tom Bower’s weighty tome on Oil – Money, Politics, and Power in the 21st Century – of which more, later).

Roubini, you should know, is the man who told a sceptical crowd of senior economists at the IMF in September 2006 that “. . . the United States was likely to face a once-in-a-lifetime housing bust, an oil shock, sharply declining consumer confidence and, ultimately, a deep recession”. According to the New York Times “. . . he then laid out a bleak sequence of events: homeowners defaulting on mortgages, trillions of dollars of mortgage-backed securities unraveling worldwide and the global financial system shuddering to a halt. These developments, he went on, could cripple or destroy hedge funds, investment banks and other major financial institutions like Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac“.

Well, I hardly need tell you that he has the great privilege of knowing that he was right. So that’s why I can’t help but play close attention to what he said a week ago on CNBC because if anything, we have all failed to listen enough to the pessimists;

The long and short of it is if US growth is much less than capacity of 2.75-3.00% and comes in at 1.5% as he thinks, there will be net job losses rather than net job creation, aggregate demand will go down, negative feedback kicks in and the risk of a double dip recession rises dramatically.

So if, as per my earlier post, you accept that the UK is 6 months behind the USA, then I suspect these problems will hit us from the 1st quarter of 2011.

Bidaily Economics Roundup – Friday 30th July

July 30th, 2010

Big themes;

U.S. recovery growth is slowing – Q2 at an annualised 2.4%, below the forecasted rate and much less than the 3.7% for Q1 – debate is very much now whether another stimulus is needed

UK consumer confidence falls to lowest in four years – as measured by the UK’s index of consumer sentiment – take a look at the 5 year chart here to see how far off we are from pre-recession times.

House prices fell 0.5% in July according to Nationwide – the first since February and larger than forecast 0.2%

M4 lending at lowest level since records began in 1964 – some believe this may be counterbalanced by firms increased investment spending over decreased borrowing

Selected comment;

Hamish McRae: The subtle hand we must play on trade “we have to recognise both that it is not just the BRICs that matter and that selling services to a host of different countries is going to be a tricky, subtle task. But that is what makes life interesting for the UK. We have a really interesting hand of cards to play and it is good to see that our new government is trying to play it with sensitivity. See David Cameron’s comments in Turkey in that light”. The Independent.

Jeremy Warner: Whatever happened to the rebalancing act? “After years in which many Western countries had become dependent for growth and prosperity on debt-fuelled consumption and property inflation, there would be a miraculous rebalancing of the world economy into a more sustainable order of things. What is the evidence for this happy transformation in economic dynamics actually taking place? Virtually none, I’m afraid to say”. Daily Telegraph.

Sir Samuel Brittan: Take central banks down a notch “no major central bank had any inkling of the weakness developing in the world financial system. There was the obstinate refusal to take asset bubbles seriously and the wrongheaded preoccupation with short-term targets for narrowly defined inflation indices. In the background was a shift from an excessive preoccupation by central banks with financial institutions to the other extreme of their becoming virtual econometrics factories.Yet despite everything I would still support central bank independence, if for no other reason than that no body has a monopoly of wisdom”. Financial Times.

The confusing recovery continues . . .

July 30th, 2010

News today that UK consumer confidence has fallen to its lowest point in nearly a year and that M4 lending is now the lowest on record – since 1964 – comes hard on the heels of the suprisingly high Q2 growth figure of 1.1%. What this all tells me is that the next quarter of growth is going to be weak and maybe even weaker than expected.

N.b. M4 money supply – as explained by wikipedia here.

Bidaily economics roundup – Wednesday 28th July

July 29th, 2010

Big themes;

A slower recovery than hoped for by the Office for Budget Responsibility – according to the NIESR – 1.7 v. 2.3 for 2011 and 2.2 v. 2.8% for 2012

Mervyn King concerned about lingering inflation – but doesn’t  want to raise interest rates for some time

Retail sales grow at fastest rate in 3 years – the CBI distributive monthly trade survey – Howard Archer of Global Insight claims good weather, discounting and the World Cup

Bank of England loses £5.5bn on QE – losses on gilts not corporate bonds. But Ray Barrell of NIESR says QE lifted equity and house prices by around 10pc and adding about 0.5pc growth to GDP in both 2009 and 2010.

Selected comment;

Ambrose Evans-Pritchard: Drip after drip of deflation data “In the end, the global macro economy will dictate the outcome. So watch the Chinese banking system. Watch Japanese exports. Watch OPEC as it keeps cutting output to hold up the oil price. Watch Euribor rates and the continued contraction in eurozone lending to companies. Watch French industrial output. Watch Polish sovereign debt (that’s a new one). Watch the M3 money supply in the US as it contracts at a 10pc annualized rate. And for goodness sake watch the Fed Board”. Daily Telegraph.

Allister Heath: Honeymoon is over for the coalition “the consensus view in the City is faulty – or at least subject to much greater risks than most people understand. Everything is predicated on the coalition staying on course and delivering all of the budgetary cleansing it has promised. Yet even though almost none of the cuts have actually happened yet – as opposed to being trailed and debated ad nauseam – the coalition’s popularity is already in free fall. The honeymoon period is coming to a premature end” City AM

Robert Skidelsky and Michael Kennedy: Future Generations will curse us for cutting in a slump “In 1937 Keynes wrote: “The boom, not the slump, is the right time for austerity at the Treasury.” Financial Times.

Guy Monson and Subitha Subramaniam: Austerity drives can unleash confidence “there are limits to Keynesian interventionism. As the state gets larger and larger, the multiplier benefits of government spending become smaller and smaller, and taxing the working many to support the non-working few eventually leads to a system of the working few supporting the non-working many”. Financial Times.

Sean O’Grady: A little heartbreak but few surprises from Mervyn King “Mervyn told us what most of us already knew – that the banks still aren’t lending enough, there isn’t much competition in the area and inflation will stay above 2 per cent for “much of next year”. Mr King said it was “heart breaking” to see the way some businesses were now being treated by their banks, the reverse of good “relationship banking”. Quite right too”. The Independent.

What are the warning signs of a double-dip recession?

July 28th, 2010

The Q2 growth figures may well have impressed us at 1.1% but it would be mistaken to believe we were well out of the woods just yet. Jim Rogers – he who infamously said the UK was finished a year or so ago – now predicts a recession in 2012. A technical recession, 2 consecutive quarters or more of declining growth still seems fairly unlikely but a single negative quarter is quite on the cards. So what should we look out for that might indicate this is happening?

1. House prices – already falling again, on a monthly basis. There could be much worse to come if Capital Economics is right, a 5% fall this year, 10% in 2011 and 10% again in 2012. And NIESR is today talking about a real terms decline in house prices below inflation over the next 5 years, taking the average home back to 2003 levels. The bottom line is that house-owing consumers will be less inclined to spend if they think the value of their homes is going down, a lot, for some time.

2. Unemployment – the big surprise of the recession is how little it went up. We’re now at 7.8%. But there’s a lot of people working part-time who’d rather be working 9-5, or who took pay cuts to hold onto their jobs,  and with bank balance sheets still as weak as they are, there’s not much credit to fund investment in new jobs which would be normal at this stage of the cycle.

3. What’s happening in America – if you accept that the UK is around 6 months behind the USA in its cycle, then the slowdown in the US economy driven by US consumer sentiment and renewed housing worries is troubling indeed.

4. What’s happening in Euroland – not much good news from there either – some sort of breakup of the Euro is still on the cards, probably just postponed and growth is anaemic.

5. Sterling – there were high hopes that the pound’s fall in value of around 25% against the dollar and the euro which started in summer ’08 could help lead us out of recession with more competitively-priced exports. Unfortunately, the UK is starting to look like a relatively safe haven and Sterling is going up again. It’s quite possible before the end of the year that it may reach 1.75 against the dollar and 1.40 against the euro not because that’s what it’s worth but because all currency movements have a habit of overshooting. That will obviously hurt exports, but would reduce the cost of government debt as gilt yields are driven down by investors. Which makes me think, what is the precise trade-off on that one?

Anyway, if we’re going to have a negative quarter – and obviously, I’d much rather be wrong – I would bet on it happening in Q1 of 2011.